Energy-supply system



R. E. DE COLA ENERGYfSUPPLY lSYSTEM Filed Nov. 25

Nov. 3, 1953 INVENTOR. RlN'ALDO E. DECOLA Bm .l v`

ATTORNEY Patented Nov. 3, 1953 `ENERGY-surrmr SYSTEM Rinaldo E. De Cola,Park Ridge, Ill., assignor to Hazeltine Research, Inc., Chicago, Ill.,a. corporation oi' Illinois Application November 23, 1951, Serial No..257,919

l. General The present invention relates to energy-supply systems forsupplying unidirectional potentials of different orders of magnitude andalso currents of saw-tooth wave form to an inductive load. While theinvention has other applications, it has particular utility as a sourceof high operating potentials for those circuits of a transformerlesstelevision receiver which are most affected 'by the now conventional useof a floating B potential supply.

Conventionally, television receivers use a power-supply transformer forenergizing a rectifier circuit to supply a source of B potential for thevacuum tubes, thereby isolating the unidirectional potential-supplysource from the power main. If only a rectication circuit includingvoltage-multiplier circuits directly coupled to the power main is used,the danger to the user of harmful electrical shocks is increased. Insuch a receiver, conventionally known as a transformerless televisionreceiver, in order to protect the user from such a shock hazard, the lowunidirectional voltage side of the B potentialsupply system is usuallyconnected to chassis ground through a high impedance, therebyinterposing a current-limiting means between the chassis and one side ofthe power` main. Thus, if the chassis is touched by a user who is alsoin contact with ground and the low unidirectional potential side of thesupply happens to be connected to an ungrounded side of the power main,the user would receive only a minor shock.

Due to the presence of the current-limiting impedance, all of thecircuits using the unidirectional supply means as a source of Bpotential 12 Claims. (Cl. 315-27) second anode of the cathode-ray tube.

have a common load circuit in the impedance.

desirably alters the response characteristics of the affected stages andtends to develop uncontrollable oscillations therein.

Conventional television receivers of the transformerless type usenumerous arrangements to offset the eect of the common load impedance.Generally, the arrangements developed for the different receiver designsare the result of much experiment rather than of engineering skill. Forthis reason, when a transformerless type of television receiver isIbeing designed, much time is spent in overcoming the undesired effectsof the common load impedance. Though the results attained may beacceptable, such resultsy usually vary between the different receiversof the same design and with changes in the component parts of thesereceivers especially when replacement parts are needed during normalservicing of the receiver. In addition, due to the employment ofcompensation circuits to counterbalance the undesired eiects, the costof receivers of the transformerless" type is generally increased. Suchan unstable solution of the regeneration pro'blem is not entirelysatisfactory and the increased cost is undesirable.

As a result of improved engineering and the availability of more eicientcomponents, modern television receivers utilize the stages of thereceiver in a very eicient manner and generally consume less power ineach stage than was needed in the earlie'.` television receivers. Inaddition, some of the circuits in the modern television receiver are sodesigned that, in operating in accordance with their primary functions,they are capable of developing energy which may be used for otherpurposes. One of these circuits is the deection circuit for deilectingthe electron beam of the cathode-ray tube horizontally and fordeveloping the high unidirectional potential for the Due to theincreased efciency of modern horizontal deflection circuits, it is nowconventional to utilize therein either transformers or vacuum tubes orboth which have lower power output than in former receivers, therebyslightly diminishing the cost of these circuits. It appears desirable toconstruct a relatively high power horizontal deflection circuit andutilize the excess power available therein to provide a source of Bpotential for at least the'radio-frequency, rst detector andintermediate-frequency circuits of a transformerless type of receiver.Sincey in such a source of supply the low side of the B potential can bedirectly connected t3 chassis ground, the problems of -undesirableregeneration and of compensation therefor are overcome in a mostefiicient manner at little or no increase in the cost of the receiver.

It is an object of the invention, therefore, to provide a new andimproved energy-supply system which avoids the above-mentionedylimitations of prior supply systems.

It is another object of the invention to provide for a "transformerless"type of television receiver a new and improved energy-supply systemwhich provides a source of B" potential to at least some of the tubes inthe receiver in such a manner as to reduce or eliminate undesiredregenerative effects.

It is still another object of the invention to provide in atransformerless type of television receiver a new and improvedenergy-supply system which utilizes power developed in the horizontaldeiiection circuit of a television receiver to develop operatingpotentials for at least some of the tubes in the receiver.

In accordance with a particular form f the invention, an energy-supplysystem comprises an electron-discharge device having input and outputelectrodes, means for applying to the input electrodes a periodicpotential and a load circuit for the device coupled to the outputelectrodes thereof. The load circuit includes a portion having a deviceof unidirectional conductivity and having means for coupling an inductorto this portion to constitute therewith a primarily inductive load forthe aforementioned electron-discharge device for periodically developingcurrent of saw-tooth Wave form and a potential of pulse wave form in theaforementioned portion. The load circuit also includes apotential-supply system having a plurality of circuits one of whichincludes a first rectier device responsive to the potential of pulsewave form for deriving a first unidirectional potential and a secondrectifier device responsive to the potential of pulse Wave form forderiving a unidirectional potential of a lower order of magnitude thanthe potential of the first device.

For a better understanding of the present invention, together with otherand further objects thereof, reference is had to the followingdescription taken in connection with the accompanying drawing, and itsscope will be pointed out in the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawing, Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram, partlyschematic, of a complete transformerless type of television receiverincluding an energy-supply system in accordance with a particular formof the present invention; and Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of anotherform of the energy-supply system in accordance with the invention.

General description of receiver of Fig. 1

Referring now more particularly to/Fig. l of the drawing, the"transformerless television receiver there represented is of thesuperheterodyne type and includes an antenna system I0, I0 coupled tothe input circuit of a radio-frequency amplifier I I of one or morestages. There is coupled to the amplier II, in cascade in the ordernamed, an oscillator-modulator I2, an intermediate-frequency amplifierI3 of one or more stages, a detector and automatic-gain-control or A. G.C. supply I4, a video-frequency amplifier I5 of one or more stages and acathode-ray tube image-reproducing device I 6 of conventionalconstruction provided with the usual line-frequency and held-frequencydeilection coils I1 and I8. respectively, for deilecting the cathode-raybeam in two directions normal to each other. The A. G. C. supply of unitI4 is connected to the input circuits of one or more of the stages II,I2 and I3 by the conductor marked A. G. C. There is also connected tothe output terminals of the intermediate-frequency amplier I3 aconventional sound-reproducing system I9 which may com- 4 prise theusual sound intermediate-frequency amplifier, frequency detector,audio-frequency ampliiler and a loudspeaker.

An output circuit of the detector I4 is coupled to the input circuit ofa periodic-potential generator 20 proportioned to develop a potential ofsaw-tooth wave form at lin'e frequency and to a field-frequencygenerator 2l through a synchronizing-signal separator 22. The outputcircuit of the field-frequency generator 2| is coupled in a conventionalmanner to the held-scanning or deflection coil I8 of theimage-reproducing device I6 while the output circuit of theperiodicpotential generator 2li is coupled to the linescanning ordeflection coil I'I through an energysupply system 23 in accordance withthe present invention. The supply system 23 in conjunction with theperiodic-potential generator 20 effectively comprises the line-frequencygenerator for the television receiver, the unit 23 being de-' scribed inmore detail hereinafter. An anodeexcitation potential for theimage-reproducing device I5 is supplied from the energy-supply system 23through the terminals 24, 24. 4

The B potential for each of the units I4-I6, inclusive, and I9-22,inclusive, is supplied through a pair of terminals -Bi and +B1 from asource of such potential which is conventional in "transformerlessreceivers of the type being described. One such source is a rectifiersystem coupled to the power main without the interposition of atransformer. As mentioned previously herein, in order to minimize theshock hazard to the user when such a source is employed, neither thepotential -Bi or +B; is directly connected to chassis ground. thepotential B1 being normally connected to such ground through acurrent-limiting impedance. It is this impedance which causes theaforementioned regenerative eil'ects. To minimize such regenerativeeffects in the units which are most responsive thereto, each of theunits Ii-I3, inclusive, is supplied through a pair of terminals +B2, -Bzwith B" potential from another source of such energy which may have thepotential B2 connected to chassis ground. This latter source of Bpotential is developed in the unit 23 in a manner to be described morefully hereinafter.

It will be understood that the various units of the receiver justdescribed, with the exception of the energy-supply system 23 which isconstructed in accordance with the present invention and which will bedescribed more fully hereinafter, may be of conventional constructionand operation, the details of which are well known in the art renderinga detailed description and explanation of the operation thereofunnecessary herein.

General explanation of the operation of the receiver of Fig. 1

Considering briefly, however, the general operation of theabove-described receiver as a accede:

the image-reproducing device I6. A control voltage derived in theautomatic-gain-control supply portion of -the unit I4 is applied as abias to the gain-control circuits of the units Il, I2 and I3 to maintainthe signal inputs to the detector of the unit I4 and to 'thesound-reproducing device |9 within a relatively narrow range for a widerange of received 4signal intensities.

The unit22 selects the synchronizing signals froxr the othermodulation-components of the composite video-frequency signal appliedthereto from the detector I4. The line-synchronizing andfield-synchronizing signals derived in the unit 22 are then applied,respectively, to the generators 20 and 2| to synchronize the operationthereof. The unit 20 develops a periodic potential, specifically asubstantially saw-tooth potential at line frequency for application tothe energy-supply system 23 to control the operation thereof. Anelectron beam is produced in the cathode-ray image-reproducingdevice I6in a conventional manner and the intensity of this beam is controlled inaccordance with the video-frequency and bias-control voltage impressedon the brilliancy-control electrode from the amplifier I5. Saw-toothcurrent waves are generated in the energy-supply system 23, as will beexplained more fully hereinafter, and also in the field-frequencygenerator 2| and are applied to the properA deflection coils in theimagereproducing device I6 thereby to deflect the cathode-ray beam ofthe unit I6 in two directions normal to each other to trace arectilinear scanning raster on the screen of the cathode-ray ,tube andthereby reconstruct the televised image.

The sound intermediate-frequency signal is applied to the device I andamplified therein. The audio-frequency modulation components 4of thesignal are derived in a conventional manner by a frequency detector inthe device I9, amplified by an audio-frequencyy amplifier, and appliedto a loudspeaker for co version to sound.

Description of energy-supply system of Fig. 1

Referring now nore particularly to the section of the Fig. 1 receiverembodying the present invention, the energy-supply system 23 comprisesan electron-discharge device having input and output electrodes,specifically, a tetrode vacuum tube 3| having a control electrode and acathode as input electrodes, and an anode and the cathode as outputelectrodes. The control electrode of the tube 3| is coupled to one of apair of terminals 31, 31 through a resistor 6I, and a coupling condenser63, and through the resistor 6| and a biasing resistor 60 to the otherone of the terminals 31, 31 and thus to the potential -B1. The cathodeof the tubev 3| is connected to the potential B1 through a biasingnetwork including parallel-connected resistor 62 and condenser 64. Thevalues of the network including the resistor 62 and the condenser 64,and of the network including the resistors 60 and 6I and the condenser63, are so proportioned as to bias the tube 3| at anode-current cutoffduring the initiation of the trace portion of a saw-tooth wave voltageapplied from unit and to permit the tube to become conductive during atleast a portion of the trace portion of the applied sawtooth wavevoltage. The screen electrode of the tetrode 3| is by-passed for allsignal energy by means of a condenser 65 and is connected to the sourceof potential -l-Bi through a resistor The system 23 also includes a loadcircuit for the order of volts.

the device 3|, specifically, the circuit coupled between the anode andcathode of the tube 3| and now to be described in detail. This loadcircuit includes a portion, speciflcally, a primary winding 26 of atransformer 26 coupled by means of a tap on the winding 26 tothe anodeof the tube 3|, and a secondary winding 29 having a tapped connection tothe source of potential -l-Bi. One terminal of the winding 23 is coupledthrough a condenser 4I to the potential B1 and one end of the winding 29is coupled to one of a pair of terminals 30, 36 and through a seriescircuit of a unidirectional conduction device, specifically, a.y diode40, and the condenser 4| to the potentialA -B1. The other terminal ofthe winding 29 is coupled through a condenser 66 to the other one of theterminals 30, 30. -The circuit including the diode 40 is so proportionedas to permit the utilization of the energy periodically stored in thedeflection windingl I1 at the start of the intervals of the saw-toothcurrent wave developed in the winding I1. The condenser 4| isproportioned to have such capacitance as to store the energy flowingthrough the diode 40 for utilization in increasing the potential +B1applied to the anode of the tube 3| in order to develop more current ofsaw-tooth wave form in the winding I1 than would normally be developedtherein. -The terminals `3|), 30 are means for coupling an inductor,specifically, the deflection winding I1, to the transformer winding 29.A condenser 66, represented in broken-line construction since it may becomprised in whole or in part of the distributed capacitance of thewinding I1 and the transformer 25, together with the other elements ofthe circuits coupled to the transformer 25, is effectively connectedacross the terminals 30, 30. The Winding I1 constitutes with the portionof the load circuit including the windings 26 and 29, the diode 46 andthe condensers 4I, 55 and 56, a primarily inductive load for the device3| in which there are periodically developed currents of saw-tooth waveform and potentials of pulse wave form.

The load circuit for the tube 3| also includes a potential-supply systemhaving a plurality of circuits. One of these circuits includes a firstrectifier device and is responsive to the potential of pulse wave formfor deriving a first unidirectional potential of the order of500G-15,000 volts therefrom. More specifically, this circuit includes adiode 32 having the anode thereof connected to the high-potentialterminal of the winding 26, and the cathode thereof coupled through afilter network including a resistor 34 and a condenser 35, and throughterminals 24, 24 to the second anode (not shown) of the device I6. Theheater of the cathode of the diode 32 is coupled to a filament winding21 of the transformer` 25.

Another of the plurality of circuits of the potential-supply systemincludes a second rectifier device responsive to the potential of pulsewave form for deriving a unidirectional potential of a lower order ofmagnitude than the ilrst-mentioned unidirectional potential,specifically, of

This other circuit includes a secondary winding 28 of the transformer 25having a rectifier diode 33 and a lter condenser 36 connected in seriesthereacross. The winding 28 normally has more turns than the winding 29and is so coupled to the windings 26 and 29 that the signal developedacross the diode' 33 is similar to but of a higher potential than thesignal developed across the diode 40.

7 The junction of the cathod of the diode 33 and the condenser 3.6 isconnecte \t\o a terminal +B: for supplying a source of potential +B2,chassis ground becoming the -potential'-Bn`by,/the connec'tion of thejunction of the winding 28 and 5 the condenser 36 thereto. Thepotentials -B2 and +32 are connected, respectively, through chassisground and conductors, which forsimplicity are not shown, to theunitsII, I2 and I3 to supply B2 potential energy therefor.

Explanation of the operation.ofenergysupply system of Fig. 1

The operation of an energy-supply system such as the unit 23 of Fig. 1but not including 15 the additional unidirectional potential supply\.`comprising the secondary winding 28 and the diode rectifier 33 is fullyexplained in an article entitled Magnetic Deflection of Kinescopes, byKurt Schlesinger, in the August 1947 issue of the 20 Proceedings of theIRE, at pages 8134321, inclusive. In general, a periodic potentialhaving generally a saw-tooth wave form, but including a negative pulseportion between thev termination of the retrace and the initiation lofthe trace of the saw-tooth wave portion, is developed in the generator26 and applied to the inputcircuit of the tube 3|. The wave form of theapplied potential is similar to that usually applied by a multivibratordriver stage to a succeeding line'- scanning amplifier of a conventionaltelevision receiver.

Considering now a complete cycle of operation of the system 23, the tube3| becomes conductive during the trace portion of the saw-toothpotential applied to the input circuit thereof and, through windings 26'and 29, causes a eomponent of current of modified saw-tooth wave formto be applied to the deflection winding Upon the application of thenegative pulse por-'- tion to the input circuit of the tube 3|, thistube becomes nonconductive and the energy stored in the winding I'Iilows into the condenser 55 to cause the resonant circuit includingthese components to oscillate at a frequency higher than line frequency.The signal developed in the resonant circuit includes portions bothpositive and negative vwith respect to the negative potential -B1 andwith respect to chassis ground. The diode 40 is rendered conductive atthe initiationof thetrace portion of thesaw-tooth signal and during thepositive portion of the signal developed in the resonant circuit andapplied to the anode of the diode 40' to damp the oscillation in theresonant circuit. The current iiow in the tube 3| in the resonantcircuit and in the tube 40 is eiective to develop a resultant current inthe winding I1 which has a desired saw-tooth wave form over the periodof each line of the raster. ,Y 'Ihe ilow of current in the diode l is`effective to' develop a unidirectional potential across the condenser4|. This potential combines with the potential +B; to :levelop anincreased anode potential for the tube 3| to effect greater current flowtherethrough iuring the conductive periods thereof. Thus, the tube l0serves the dual purpose of assisting .n developing current of propersaw-tooth wave Eorm to ilow through the windingffl 'I and in itilizingthe current flowing through the tube 40 ;o develop a. potential which iseffective to im- :rove the etliciency of operation of the tube 3|.

The signal developed across the Winding 26 is iormally of higheramplitude than and inverted lilith-respect to the signal developedacross the winding 29; Thus, during the retrace period of the saw-toothsignal, the negative portion of the signal developed 4by the resonantcircuit across the winding 29 becomes a high-potential positive signaldeveloped across the winding 26. The latter signal is applied to theanode of the diode 32'Wherein it is peak rectified and the rectied.signal is translated through the filter network 34, 35 to provide a highunidirectional potential for application through the terminals 24, 24 tothe second anode of the tube in the device I6.

Since there is developed across the diode 33 a signal similar to thesignal across the diode 40 and a signal which is the inverse of thesignal across the winding 26, the diode 33 conducts 'at the same time asthel diode 40, that is, during the trace portion of the' saw-tooth wavesignal, to develop another unidirectional potential across the condenser36. The latter potential is of a lower order of magnitude than theabove-mentioned unidirectional potential, being approxi- :nately voltsin a television receiver 'of the type `under consideration and isapplied vas a B potential through the terminals -l-Bz and -Bz in each ofthe units Il, l2 and I3. In view of the fact that the potential B2 isconnected to chassis ground, the regenerative effects and the costlycompensation circuits normally utilized l to minimize such effects may`be substantially eliminated. It should be understood that the energyconsumed in the rectier circuit including the diode 33 and the eiciencycircuit including the vdiode 40 is obtained from energy developed in theresonant circuit including the deection winding I1 and the condenser 55.Therefore, the energy obtained in either one of these circuits isacquired only at the expense of some loss of energy in the othercircuit. It is for this reason that the power capacity of the tube 3|and of the transformer 25 may have to be increased in order to supplythe desired amount'of energy.

Also,due t o the limited amount of the available power in the deiiectioncircuit, B2 potentials are not provided for all stages of the televisionreceiver. Therefore, the stages other than those of units I2 and I3, ashas been explained previously herein, are operated from the oating B1potential supply.` The operation of such other stages in that mannerusually does not introduce highly objectionable regenerative problemsand. therefore, is acceptable.

Description of energy-supply'system of Fig. 2

Referring now to Fig. 2 of the drawing, there is represented a circuitdiagram` of a modified form of an energy-supply -system in accordancewith the present invention. This system is very similar to the system 23of Fig. 1 and, therefore, corresponding elements thereof are designatedby the same reference numerals, analogous elements by the same referencenumerals primed. The type of energy-supply system represented by Fig. 2,except for the circuit including the components 28 and 33', is fullydescribed in the applicants copending application Serial No. 162,- 589,led May 17,-1950, and entitled Periodic- Wave Generator.

In general, the energy-supply system of Fig. 2 differs from the unit 23`of Fig. 1 in that the diode 33 is poled oppositely to the diode 33 ofFig. l. In addition, the screen electrode of the tube 3| isconnecteddirectly to the source of potential Bi, the cathode thereof is coupledthrough a biasing `resistor 50, a condenser 6| to the source ofpotential -Bi and a grid-bias resistor 52 is coupled through thecondenser 5l to the source of potential -B1. Another importantdifference between the systems of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is the manner inwhich the unidirectional potential developed by the emciency diode 40'is applied to the tube 3| to boost the current flowing therethrough. Thesource of potential -i-Bi is connected through the primary winding 26 tothe anode of the tube 3| while -the lower terminal of the secondarywinding 29 is connected to the junction of the resistor U and thecondenser 5|, the cathode of the diode 4D' being connected directly tothe source of potential BL Explanation of the operation of energy-supplysystem of Fig. 2.

'I'he operation of the energy-supply system of Fig. 2, except for thatportion of the load circuit comprising the secondary winding 26 and thediode 33', is fully described in the application referred to above. Ingeneral, the operation of the system of Fig. 2 is similar to that of thecorresponding system in Fig. 1. Therefore, only the pertinentdifferences will be discussed herein.

With respect to the winding 28 and the diode 33', in view of thereversed polarity of the diode 33', this diode is responsive during theretrace portion of the saw-tooth signal to the signal developed acrossthe winding 28 in a manner similar to the response of the diode 32 tothe signal across the Winding 26. The B2 potential is developed acrossthe condenser 36. Since in the energy-supply system of Fig. 2 the diodes32 and 33' conduct substantially simultaneously during the retraceportion of the saw-tooth signal, the energy developed for the B2 supplydiminishes the amount of energy available for the rectifier circuitincluding the diode 32.

Due to the manner in which the diode 40' and the cathode circuit of thetube 3| are connected, the positive potential which is developed acrossthe condenser Il! in unit 23 of Fig. 1 appears as a negative potentialdeveloped across the condenser 5| in the system of Fig. 2. This negativepotential serves to depress the potential level of the cathode of thetube 3| thereby effectively increasing the potential difference betweenthe cathode and the screen electrode and anode of this tube. As aresult, the potential developed by the diode 40' serves to increase thesaw-tooth wave current in the tube 3| in a manner similar to thatdescribed with reference to the unit of Fig. 1. Since the screenelectrode of the tube 3| is grounded and the potential developed on thecathode is negative with respect to ground, the screen electrode iseffectively maintained at a potential which is positive with referenceto the cathode. Therefore, in the event of a short circuit in thehorizontal scanning circuit or some other abnormal operating conditiontherein, the iiow of space current in the tube 3| is immediately cutoff, since the screenl electrode-cathode potential of the tube willeffectively become zero. In this manner the elements of the deflectioncircuit are protected from overload.

While there 'have been described what are at present considered to bethe preferred embodiments of this invention, it vwill be obvious tothose skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may bemade therein without departing from the invention, and it is, therefore,aimed to cover all such changes and modifications as fall within thetrue spirit and scope of the invention.

What is claimed is:

1. An energy-supply system for a television receiver comprising: anelectron-discharge device having input and output electrodes; means forapplying to said input electrodes a periodic potential; and a loadcircuit for said 'device coupled to said output electrodes, including aportion having a device of unidirectional conductivity and having meansfor coupling an inductor to said portion to constitute therewith aprimarily inductivel load for said electron-discharge device forperiodically developing current of saw-tooth wave form and a potentialof pulse wave form in said portion, and including a potential-supplysystem havinga plurality of circuits one of which includes a rstrectifier device responsive to said potential of pulse wave form forderiving a first unidirectional potential therefrom and another of whichincludes a second rectifier device responsive to said potential of pulsewave form for deriving a unidirectional potential of a lower order ofmagnitude than said first unidirectional potential.

2. An energy-supply system for a television receiver comprising: anelectron-discharge device having input and output electrodes; means forapplying to said input electrodes a periodic potential; and a loadcircuit for said device coupled to said output electrodes, including atransformer having a primary and a plurality of secondary windings,including a portion having said primary winding, one of said secondarywindings. a device of unidirectional conductivity coupled across saidone secondary winding and having means for coupling an inductor tosaid-portion to constitute therewith a primarily inductive load for saidelectron-discharge device for periodically developing current ofsaw-tooth wave form and a potential of pulse wave form in said portion,and including a potential-supply system having a plurality of circuitsone of' which includes a lrst rectifier` device responsive to saidpotential of pulse wave form for deriving a first unidirectionalpotential therefrom and another of which includes a second rectifierdevice responsive to said potential of pulse wave form for deriving aunidirectional potential of a lower order of magnitude than said firstunidirectional potential.

3. An energy-supply system for a television receiver comprising: anelectron-discharge device having input and output electrodes; means forapplying to said input electrodes a periodic potential; and a loadcircuit for said device coupled to said output electrodes, including atransformer having a primary and a plurality of secondary windings,including a portion having said primary winding, one of said secondarywindings, a device of unidirectional conductivity coupled to said onesecondary winding and having means for coupling an inductor to said onesecondary winding to constitute with said portion a. primarily inductiveload for said electrondischarge device for periodically developingcurrent of saw-tooth wave form and a potential of pulse wave form insaid primary and secondary windings, including a potential-supply systemhaving a plurality of circuits one of which includes a first rectifierdevice responsive to said potential of pulse wave form for deriving afirst unidirectional potential therefrom and another of which includesAa second rectifier device responsive to said potential of pulse wavefo' -order of magnitude than said first unidirectional potential.

4. An energy-supply system for a television receiver comprising: anelectron-discharge device having input and output electrodes; means forapplying to said input electrodes a periodic potential; and a loadcircuit for said device coupled to said output electrodes, including atransformer having a primary and a plurality of secondary windings,including a portion having said primary winding, one of said secondarywindings, a device of unidirectional conductivity coupled across saidone secondary winding and having means for coupling an inductor to saidportion to constitute therewith a primarily inductive load for saidelectron-discharge device for periodically developing current ofsaw-tooth wave form and a potential of pulse wave form in said primaryand secondary windings, including a potential-supply system having aplurality of circuits one of which includes said primary winding, afirst rectifier device responsive to said potential of pulse wave formin said primary winding for deriving a rst unidirectional potentialtherefrom and another of which includes a second rectifier deviceresponsive to said potential of pulse wave form for deriving aunidirectional potential of a lower order of magnitude than said rstunidirectional potential. 5. An energy-supply system for a televisionreceiver comprisingz'an electron-discharge device having input andoutput electrodes; means for applying to said input electrodes aperiodic potential; and a load circuit for said device coupled to saidoutput electrodes, including a transformer having a primary and aplurality of secondary windings, including a portion having said primarywinding, one of said secondary windings, a device ofunidirectionalconductivity coupled to said one secondary winding andhaving means for coupling an inductor' to said portion to constitutetherewith a primarily inductive load for said electron-discharge devicefor periodically developing current of saw-tooth wave form and apotential of pulse wave form in said primary and secondary windings, andincluding a potentialsupply'system having a plurality of circuits one ofwhich includes a rst rectier device responsive to said potential ofpulse waveform for deriving a rst unidirectional potential therefrom andanother of which includes another one of said secondary windings havinga second rectifier device coupled thereto to derive from said potentialof pulse wave form developed in said other secondary winding aunidirectional potential of a lower order of magnitude than said rstunidirectional potential.

6. An energy-supply system for a television receiver comprising: anelectron-discharge device having input and outputA electrodes; means`for applying to said input electrodes a periodic potential; and a loadcircuit for said device coupled to said output electrodes, including aportion having a device of unidirectional conductivity and having meansfor coupling a cathoderay tube beam-deecting winding to said portion toconstitute therewith a primarily inductive load for saidelectron-discharge device for periodically developing current ofsaw-tooth wave form and a potential of pulse wave form in said portionland including a potential-supply system having a plurality of circuitsone of which includes a rst rectier device responsive to said potentialo f pulse wave form for deriving a first unidirecl2A tional potentialtherefrom and another of which includes a second rectifier deviceresponsive to said potential of pulse wave form for deriving aunidirectional potential of a lower order of riiagnitude than said firstunidirectional potena 7. An energy-supply system for a. televisionreceiver comprising: an electron-discharge device having input andoutput electrodes; means for applying to said input electrodes aperiodic potential; and a load circuit for said device coupled to saidoutput electrodes, including a portion having an efficiency diodecircuit and having means for coupling an inductor to said portion toconstitute therewith a primarily inductive load for said device forperiodically developing current ot saw-tooth wave form and a potentialof pulse wave form in said portion, and including a potential-supplysystem having a plurality of circuits one of which includes a firstrectifier device responsive to said potential of pulse wave form forderiving a first unidirectional potential therefrom and another of whichincludes a second rectier device responsive to said potential of pulsewave form for deriving a unidirectional potential of a lower order ofmagnitude than said first unidirectional potential.

8. An energy-supply system for' a television receiver comprising: thepower stage of a line-frequency generator having input and outputelectrodes: means for applying to said input electrodes a periodicpotential; and a load circuit for -said device coupled to said outputelectrodes, in-

cluding a portion having a ldevice of unidirectional conductivity andhaving means for coupling an inductor to said portion to constitutetherewith a. primarily inductive load for said electron-discharge devicefor periodically developing current of saw-tooth wave form and apotential of pulse wave form in said portion, and including apotential-supplyvsystem having a plu'- rality of circuits one of whichincludes a ilrst rectifier device responsive to said potential of pulsewave form for deriving a rst unidirectional potential therefrom andanother of which includes a. second rectifier device responsive to saidpotential of pulse wave form for deriving a unidirectional potential ofa lower order of magnitude than said ilrst unidirectional potential.

9. An energy-supply system for a television receiver comprising: anelectron-discharge device having input and output electrodes; means forapplying to said input electrodes a periodic potential; and a loadcircuit for said device coupled to said output electrodes, including apor tion having a device of unidirectional conductivity and having meansfor coupling an inductor to said portion to constitute therewith a.primarily inductive load for said electron-discharge device forperiodically developing current of sawand another of which includes asecondrectierl device responsive to said potential of pulse wave formfor deriving a unidirectional potential of a magnitude in the range of-250 volts.

l0. An energy-supply system for a television receiver comprising: anelectron-discharge device having input and output electrodes; means4 forapplying to said input electrodes a potential substantially of saw-toothwave form; and a load circuit for said device coupled to said outputelectrodes including a portion having a device of unitherefrom andanother of which includes a second rectier device responsive to saidpotential of pulse wave form for deriving a second unidirectionalpotential of a lower order of magnitude than said first unidirectionalpotential, said rst and second rectifier devices being so poled in saidone and said other circuits, respectively, as to derive said iirst andsaid second unidirectional potentials during the retrace portion of saidpotential of said saw-tooth wave form.

11. An energy-supply system for a television receiver comprising: anelectron-discharge device having input and output electrodes; means forapplying to said input electrodes a potential substantially of saw-toothwave form; and a load circuit for said device coupled to said outputelectrodes, including a transformer having a primary and a plurality ofsecondary windings, including a portion having said primary winding, oneof said secondary windings, a device of unidirectional conductivitycoupled to said one secondary winding and having means for coupling aninductor to said portion to constitute therewith a primarily inductiveload for said electron-discharge device for periodically developingcurrent of saw- 14 windings having a second rectier device coupledthereto and so pol'ed as to derive from said potential of pulse waveform developed in said other secondary winding and during the traceportion of said potential of saw-tooth wave form, a unidirectionalpotential of a lower order of magnitude than said rst unidirectionalpotential.

12. An energy-supply system for a television receiver comprising: anelectron-discharge device having input and output electrodes; means forapplying -to said input electrodes a periodic potential; and a loadcircuit for said device coupled to said output electrodes, including atransformer having a primaryl and a plurality of secondary windings,including -a portion having said primary winding, one of said secondarywindings, a

K device of unidirectional conductivity coupled to tooth wave form and apotential of pulse wave said one secondary winding and having means forcoupling an inductor to said portion to constitute therewith a primarilyinductive load for said electron-discharge device for periodicallydeveloping current of saw-tooth wave form and a potential of pulse Waveform in said primary and secondary windings, and including a,potential-supply system having a plurality of circuits one of whichincludes a portion of said primary winding, a rst rectifier deviceresponsive to said potential of pulse wave form in said primary windingfor de- 'riving a first unidirectional potential therefrom and anotherof which includes another one of said secondary windings having a secondrectier device coupled thereto to derive from said potential of pulsewave form developed in said other secondary winding a unidirectionalpotential of a lower order of magnitude than said first unidirectionalpotential, said potential of pulse wave form developed in said othersecondary winding being the inverse of said potential in said primarywind- Number l Name Date Rasley Sept. 17, 1946 Tourshon et al June 15,1951

